NCPSSM — congressarchives: H.J.Res. 1, better known as the...

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H.J.Res. 1, better known as the 19th Amendment, was introduced on May 19, 1919 by Representative James R. Mann of Illinois. The resolution proposed an amendment to the Constitution extending the right of suffrage to women. On May 21, 1919 it passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 304 to 90, and on June 4, 1919 it passed in the Senate by a vote of 56 to 25.

After passage through U.S. Congress, the 19th Amendment was sent to the states for ratification. Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan were the first three states to ratify – the certificates from each of these three states are represented above. However, the 19th Amendment wasn’t formally adopted until August 1920, when Tennessee became the necessary 36th state to ratify.

Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin Ratifying the 19th Amendment, Ratification of Woman Suffrage Amendment; SEN 66A-M4; Records of the U.S. Senate, Record Group 46.

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todaysdocument: “ Jeannette Rankin, First Woman Elected to Congress, 11/07/1916 “Representative Jeannette Rankin (1880-1973), By Matzene, 1917; Courtesy of the Senate Historical Office ” One hundred years ago on November 7, 1916, Jeannette Rankin of...
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Jeannette Rankin, First Woman Elected to Congress, 11/07/1916

Representative Jeannette Rankin (1880-1973), By Matzene, 1917; Courtesy of the Senate Historical Office

One hundred years ago on November 7, 1916, Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to Congress. This was 4 years before woman suffrage was added to the Constitution in 1920 with the 19th Amendment. Since Rankin, over 300 women have served in Congress as U.S. Representatives, Delegates, or Senators.

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Credentials of Jeannette Rankin, HR 65A-J1, 12/4/1916, Records of the U.S. House of Representatives

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usnatarchivesexhibits: “ Editing the Bill of Rights If you’ve ever worked on a group paper, this might look familiar to you. In 1789, James Madison proposed amendments to the new US constitution. The House of Representatives debated and edited the...
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Editing the Bill of Rights

If you’ve ever worked on a group paper, this might look familiar to you. In 1789, James Madison proposed amendments to the new US constitution. The House of Representatives debated and edited the amendments–10 of which would become the Bill of Rights. 

Senate Revisions to House Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

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Women’s Equality Day

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On August 26th we celebrate Women’s Equality Day to commemorate the 1920 adoption of the 19th amendment to the constitution which prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens on the basis of sex.

After the amendment’s adoption, many activist organizations like the Milwaukee County Woman Suffrage Association were disbanded. Below is the organization’s resolution to disband and extend gratitude to all of their members at their final executive meeting on February 20th, 1920.

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However, many suffrage activists refocused their efforts to promote voter awareness and participation in government among the newly enfranchised women voters, which is how the League of Women Voters of Greater Milwaukee officially formed at their first mass meeting nearly a year later.

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The League of Women Voters of Greater Milwaukee continued to educate women voters on local and national issues and support their participation in government long after the passage of the 19th amendment. The 1940 newspaper clipping below from one of the League’s scrapbooks highlights some of the specific issues the League sought to educate women voters about in the 20 years following the amendment’s passage.

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The meeting minutes and newspaper clipping featured here can be found in Box 6 and Volume 1 of the League of Women Voters of Greater Milwaukee, 1920-1981 collection at the UWM Archives.

Additionally, this article from the New York Times’ Archive details the signing of the proclamation announcing the adoption of the 19th Amendment and the reactions of prominent suffragists.

-Lizzie, Archives Graduate Intern

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usnatarchives: “ Petition for Woman Suffrage signed by residents of the District of Columbia including two of Frederick Douglass’s children: Frederick Douglass Jr., and Rosetta Douglass Sprague (Mrs. Nathan Sprague), 1887. (Records of the U.S. House...
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Petition for Woman Suffrage signed by residents of the District of Columbia including two of Frederick Douglass’s children: Frederick Douglass Jr., and Rosetta Douglass Sprague (Mrs. Nathan Sprague), 1887. (Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, National Archives).

Change at their fingertips: Women’s petitions to Congress

By Melanie M. Griffin | Education and Public Programs Office

Often when one thinks of the freedoms embedded in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, one doesn’t immediately think of the right to petition.

A petition is a plea from an individual or a group asking their government to do something. Today it can be an email or signed via the internet, but before the age of electronics, petitions were addressed with pen and paper.

Women in particular have helped shaped the history of the United States by their petitioning efforts. From the anti-slavery movement to woman suffrage, women have actively called for a change through petitioning.

The woman suffrage movement was the most significant achievement for American women during the Progressive Era. Since the formation of the union, women’s rights were neglected and dismissed.

Throughout the 19th century, not only did we see a fight for civil rights for blacks, but there was a relentless fight for equality for women.

March is Women’s History Month, check out our resources, or read more, including other historic petitions, at the Pieces of History blog. 

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Oath of Office for Daniel K. Inouye, 1/9/1963

Series: Oath Books, 1/24/1866 - 1/3/1989. Record Group 46: Records of the U.S. Senate, 1789 - 2015

Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaii was sworn in as the first Japanese-American to serve in the U.S. Senate 55 years ago on January 9, 1963. Having earlier been elected as Hawaii’s first member in the House of Representatives in 1959, Inouye served in Congress for over 50 years until his death in 2012.

Read more about the congressional oath of office at: The Oath of Office: The First Act of the First Congress

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